Photovoltaic BESS roof 20 yuan per panel

The study revealed that areas with abundant solar energy resources and higher electricity prices have a lower economic risk for rooftop PV system construction under the current subsidy price and cost. This finding provides valuable insights and serves as a reference for constructing rooftop PV systems in different regions of China.

A novel systematic method for assessing the potential of urban rooftop PV is proposed. Residential areas contribute 50% of the total rooftop PV potential in Guangzhou, China. The rooftop PV potential in Guangzhou reaches 44.06–72.12 billion kWh per year. Rooftop PV reduces carbon emissions in the power sector in Guangzhou by 72.12–100%.

Finally, the study presented one economic analysis model to evaluate the profitability by combining the market cost of rooftop PV systems and electricity prices in China. The economic model included four indicators: payback period (static and dynamic), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR).

Therefore, this paper makes a comparative study on the rooftop PV self-consumption potential of industrial and commercial users in 20 regions of China, analyzed the impacts of different electric prices and shading conditions on the system's feasibility, provides advice for companies and policymakers to develop rooftop PV deployment.

Using Guangzhou, a city in southern China, as an example, we offer four installation scenarios based on rooftop area data and research on relevant characteristics and analyze the technical and economic potential of PV power generation on the rooftops of urban buildings.

Emmanuel et al. (2017) evaluated the performance analysis and economic feasibility of a 10 kW grid-connected solar PV system installed at the Maungaraki School in Wellington under the “Dynamics Project” in New Zealand. At an 8% discount rate, its normalized energy cost is 16.2 c/kWh, and the simple payback period is 6.4 years.