Solar photovoltaic panels using farmland

There is significant opportunity to produce large amounts of solar energy on farmland. Agricultural land in the U.S. has the technical potential to provide 27 terawatts of solar energy capacity. This is a quarter of the total U.S. solar energy capacity of 115 TW. Only 0.3% of farmland is expected to be used for solar energy by 2035.

Farmers can benefit from solar energy in several ways—by leasing farmland for solar; installing a solar system on a house, barn, or other building; or through agrivoltaics. Agrivoltaics is defined as agriculture, such as crop production, livestock grazing, and pollinator habitat, located underneath solar panels and/or between rows of solar panels.

Krisy Gashler is a writer for the College of Arts and Sciences. David Nutt contributed to this report. The process of combining agricultural production and solar panels on the same farmland, known as agrivoltaics, has seen a great leap in Cornell research activity.

Agricultural land in the U.S. has the technical potential to provide 27 terawatts of solar energy capacity. This is a quarter of the total U.S. solar energy capacity of 115 TW. Only 0.3% of farmland is expected to be used for solar energy by 2035. Will using land for solar panels drive up the price of food?

Agrivoltaics is an innovative approach that combines solar energy generation with agricultural land use. By installing solar panels above crops or alongside farming operations, this system allows for the dual use of land, enabling both food production and energy generation. A real game-changer for farmers, solar developers, and EPCs alike.

The research also found that among farmers who have leased their land, about half expect to continue producing agricultural products on the land with solar panels – a process called agrivoltaics, which has seen a great leap in Cornell research activity.