Male photovoltaic energy storage policy design

Secondly, to minimize the investment and annual operational and maintenance costs of the photovoltaic–energy storage system, an optimal capacity allocation model for photovoltaic and storage is established, which serves as the foundation for the two-layer operation optimization model.

And the installed capacity of photovoltaic and energy storage is derived from the capacity allocation model and utilized as the fundamental parameter in the operation optimization model.

It is a rational decision for users to plan their capacity and adjust their power consumption strategy to improve their revenue by installing PV–energy storage systems. PV power generation systems typically exhibit two operational modes: grid-connected and off-grid .

The energy management strategy for residential PV-BES systems is also developed considering the matching of thermostatically controlled demand and battery charging. The case study shows that the system energy consumption is reduced by 30% while maintaining the power supply quality and extending the battery lifecycle .

This is done in response to peak and valley tariffs and step tariff policies. The main contributions are as follows: A capacity allocation model is proposed for the general design of the PV–storage system, which addresses the issue of optimal capacity allocation for such systems.

The PV-BES system performance in the four focused aspects i.e. energy supply, battery health, grid relief, and system economic-environmental impact, is then compared across studied cases to discuss the improvement potential of the novel energy management strategy.